Solr×AWS Bedrockでベクトル検索してみた #doda Developer Group Advent Calendar 2024

はじめに

アドベントカレンダー 9 日目担当の廣瀬と申します。
私は doda グロース開発に所属しており、普段は doda サイトの開発に従事しております。

業務でもベクトル検索に触れる機会があり、今回ベクトル検索についての記事を書く機会をいただきました。

昨今、生成 AI という言葉をニュースなどで耳にする機会が多くなっているかと思います。実はベクトル検索も裏側で生成 AI が活用されている技術の 1 つになります。

今回はベクトル検索の概要から始まり、Solr での活用方法、そして、実際に試す方法を紹介していきます。

はじめに
1. ベクトル検索とは？
- ベクトル検索の概要
2. Solr を使ったベクトル検索
- Solr とは
  - Solr✖️ベクトル検索
3. Bedrock を用いて埋め込みを生成し、Solr で検索
まとめ

1. ベクトル検索とは？

ベクトル検索の概要

ベクトル検索はテキストや画像など非構造化データをベクトル化し、類似性を計算して検索する技術になります。

従来のキーワード検索では実現できなかった、データの意味や文脈を考慮した検索が可能となり、よりユーザーの意図に即した関連性の高い結果を返すことが可能となります。

2. Solr を使ったベクトル検索

Solr とは

OSS の全文検索システムになります。全文検索とは特定の文書から特定のキーワードを検索する技術を指します。例えば、EC サイトの商品検索などに用いられている技術になります。

Solr✖️ベクトル検索

Solr ではバージョン 9 よりベクトル検索機能が導入されました。
Solr 自体には埋め込みを生成する機能はありませんが、埋め込みベクトルを格納しておくベクトル DB として Solr を活用できます。

3. Bedrock を用いて埋め込みを生成し、Solr で検索

ここからは実際に Solr でベクトル検索を試していきます。
四季を表現した文章の中から季語に類似性の高い順にマッチする例を試していきます。

必要なもの
・AWS アカウント
・Docker

Solr 構築

下記のコマンドを順番に実行してください。

mkdir solrdata
#solr9.2のイメージを作成
docker run -d -v "$PWD/solrdata:/var/solr" -p 8983:8983 --name my_solr solr:9.2 solr-precreate gettingstarted
#Dockerコンテナに入る
docker container exec -it my_solr /bin/bash
#コアを作成
solr@cdc4b1feaf15:/opt/solr-9.2.1$ bin/solr create -c seasons

埋め込みの生成

次に AWS Bedrock を用いて、埋め込みを生成します。

バージニア北部リージョンにて、Titan Text Embeddings V2 のモデルを「リクエスト可能」を押下し、有効にする。
※東京リージョンでは現時点では対象外のため、バージニア北部リージョンを使用しています。

Bedrock の有効化が完了しましたら、Python のコードで実際に Bedrock の API を呼び出してみます。

今回は cloud9 環境にて Python を動作させていきます。

まずは下記のコマンドにて Python の AWS SDK をインストールします。

pip install boto3==1.34.87

下記のソースコードを保存してください。

boto3 を用いて、先ほど有効化した Bedrock のモデルを呼び出すようになっています。

titan-embed.py

# Python外部ライブラリをインポート
import base64
import json
import boto3

# Bedrockクライアントを作成
bedrock_runtime = boto3.client("bedrock-runtime")

strings = [
    '木々が芽吹き、柔らかな新緑が目に映る季節。温かな陽光に包まれ、花々が咲き乱れ、空気にはほのかな香りが漂う。生命の息吹を感じさせるこの時期には、日々が穏やかで心が弾む。', 
    '強い日差しが降り注ぎ、青空が広がる日が続く。蝉の声が響き渡り、冷たい飲み物や川辺の涼が恋しくなる。鮮やかな風景が広がり、エネルギーに満ちた時間が流れる。',
    '木々の葉が色づき、黄金や赤に染まる景色が広がる。涼やかな風が吹き、収穫の恵みを感じる季節。夕暮れが美しく、静けさの中に少しの物寂しさが漂う。',
    '冷たい空気が肌を刺し、木々が静かに眠る時期。雪が積もると世界は白一色になり、しんとした静寂が広がる。温かな食べ物や囲炉裏の火が恋しくなる季節。'
    ]
for string in strings:
    body = json.dumps(
        {
            "inputText": string,
            "dimensions": 256
        }
    )
    
    response = bedrock_runtime.invoke_model(
    	body=body, 
    	modelId="amazon.titan-embed-text-v2:0", 
    	accept="application/json", 
    	contentType="application/json"
    )
    
    response_body = json.loads(response.get("body").read())
    print(response_body.get("embedding"))
    print("---------------------------------------------------------------")
    
query1 = "春"
body = json.dumps(
    {
        "inputText": query1,
        "dimensions": 256
    }
)

response = bedrock_runtime.invoke_model(
	body=body, 
	modelId="amazon.titan-embed-text-v2:0", 
	accept="application/json", 
	contentType="application/json"
)

response_body = json.loads(response.get("body").read())
print(query1)
print(response_body.get("embedding"))

実行結果

$ python3 titan-embed.py

木々が芽吹き、柔らかな新緑が目に映る季節。温かな陽光に包まれ、花々が咲き乱れ、空気にはほのかな香りが漂う。生命の息吹を感じさせるこの時期には、日々が穏やかで心 が弾む。
[-0.10103485733270645, 0.06211772933602333, -0.07895687222480774, 0.03667191043496132, 0.03573640435934067, -0.024884512647986412, 0.08793774992227554, -0.014313272200524807, -0.07259541749954224, -0.0009764364222064614, -0.010056710802018642, -0.08569253236055374, -0.06997599452733994, 0.06174352392554283, 0.07746005803346634, 0.06548555940389633, 0.014032619073987007, 0.021984437480568886, -0.026568425819277763, 0.051265835762023926, -0.011974502354860306, 0.033304084092378616, -0.01964566670358181, 0.06398874521255493, -0.03498799726366997, 0.09280239045619965, -0.05687888339161873, -0.07596324384212494, 0.012348704971373081, -0.10851892083883286, 0.11001573503017426, 0.10926733165979385, 0.03667191043496132, -0.06398874521255493, 0.0006226974655874074, 0.08531832695007324, -0.03311698138713837, -0.029000746086239815, -0.09018296748399734, -0.024323206394910812, 0.12947429716587067, -0.021797334775328636, -0.0016137512866407633, 0.005846924614161253, 0.07858266681432724, 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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
強い日差しが降り注ぎ、青空が広がる日が続く。蝉の声が響き渡り、冷たい飲み物や川辺の涼が恋しくなる。鮮やかな風景が広がり、エネルギーに満ちた時間が流れる。
[-0.03096146322786808, 0.03222152218222618, 0.0004640844417735934, 0.07668362557888031, 0.03474164381623268, -0.02016095258295536, -0.002385112689808011, -0.06768319755792618, 0.023761123418807983, -0.13536639511585236, -0.011115524917840958, 0.03510165959596634, 0.08532403409481049, 0.03348158299922943, -0.015750745311379433, 0.08244390040636063, -0.04356205835938454, -0.028801361098885536, 0.09432445466518402, 0.1375264972448349, 0.030061420053243637, 0.03942186385393143, -0.022231049835681915, -0.014040663838386536, -0.09576452523469925, -0.13968659937381744, -0.05256248265504837, -0.02682126685976982, 0.060122840106487274, -0.07956375926733017, 0.06516308337450027, 0.11592547595500946, 0.025921225547790527, -0.07632360607385635, 0.11520544439554214, 0.15912751853466034, 0.09216435253620148, -0.04014189913868904, -0.057242706418037415, -0.028801361098885536, 0.08316393196582794, 0.04212199151515961, -0.0009112930856645107, 0.05076240003108978, 0.04716222733259201, 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木々の葉が色づき、黄金や赤に染まる景色が広がる。涼やかな風が吹き、収穫の恵みを感じる季節。夕暮れが美しく、静けさの中に少しの物寂しさが漂う。
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冷たい空気が肌を刺し、木々が静かに眠る時期。雪が積もると世界は白一色になり、しんとした静寂が広がる。温かな食べ物や囲炉裏の火が恋しくなる季節。
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春
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0.06965908408164978, 0.012588991783559322, -0.039445508271455765, -0.05790936201810837, -0.017939312383532524, -0.10448862612247467, -0.03461972624063492, 0.00043930334504693747, 0.08182844519615173, -0.02150619402527809, -0.10113156586885452, 0.01363807450979948, -0.049726516008377075, 0.10197082906961441, -0.1057475283741951, 0.034200094640254974, -0.020876744762063026, 0.06084679067134857, -0.0162607803940773, -0.031892113387584686, 0.04469091817736626, -0.050985414534807205, -0.22660183906555176, 0.0325215607881546, 0.06546275317668915, -0.045949820429086685, -0.031892113387584686, 0.010490826331079006, 0.002714501228183508]

出力結果ですが、4つの四季を表現する文章の埋め込みと「春」の埋め込みが出力されています。

こちらの埋め込みを用いて、Solr でのベクトル検索を実施していきます。

まずは、下記の index.json ファイルを用意します。
vector_season のカラムに埋め込みベクトルを設定しています。

[
  {
    "id": "1",
"_text": "木々が芽吹き、柔らかな新緑が目に映る季節。温かな陽光に包まれ、花々
が咲き乱れ、空気にはほのかな香りが漂う。生命の息吹を感じさせるこの時期には、日々
が穏やかで心が弾む。",
    "vector_season": [-0.10103485733270645, 0.06211772933602333, -0.07895687222480774, 0.03667191043496132, 0.03573640435934067, -0.024884512647986412, 0.08793774992227554, -0.014313272200524807, -0.07259541749954224, -0.0009764364222064614, -0.010056710802018642, -0.08569253236055374, -0.06997599452733994, 0.06174352392554283, 0.07746005803346634, 0.06548555940389633, 0.014032619073987007, 0.021984437480568886, -0.026568425819277763, 0.051265835762023926, -0.011974502354860306, 0.033304084092378616, -0.01964566670358181, 0.06398874521255493, -0.03498799726366997, 0.09280239045619965, -0.05687888339161873, -0.07596324384212494, 0.012348704971373081, -0.10851892083883286, 0.11001573503017426, 0.10926733165979385, 0.03667191043496132, -0.06398874521255493, 0.0006226974655874074, 0.08531832695007324, -0.03311698138713837, -0.029000746086239815, -0.09018296748399734, -0.024323206394910812, 0.12947429716587067, -0.021797334775328636, -0.0016137512866407633, 0.005846924614161253, 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0.02114248089492321, 0.05912410467863083, 0.14519083499908447, -0.024884512647986412, -0.06511135399341583, 0.10627370327711105, 0.04546568542718887, -0.06398874521255493, -0.027691036462783813, 0.050517428666353226, -0.012068052776157856, 0.09055717289447784, 0.05575627461075783, 0.07633744925260544, 0.011553523130714893, -0.029936254024505615, -0.07521484047174454, -0.08307310938835144, 0.050891634076833725, -0.04434307664632797, -0.03685901314020157, -0.031620170921087265, -0.007437288295477629, 0.06623396277427673, -0.022171538323163986, -0.06548555940389633, 0.16090737283229828, -0.049020618200302124, -0.04340757057070732, -0.014874576590955257, -0.05575627461075783, 0.012910010293126106]
  },
  {
    "id": "2",
    "_text": "強い日差しが降り注ぎ、青空が広がる日が続く。蝉の声が響き渡り、冷たい飲み物や川辺の涼が恋しくなる。鮮やかな風景が広がり、エネルギーに満ちた時間が流れる。",
    "vector_season": [-0.03096146322786808, 0.03222152218222618, 0.0004640844417735934, 0.07668362557888031, 0.03474164381623268, -0.02016095258295536, -0.002385112689808011, -0.06768319755792618, 0.023761123418807983, -0.13536639511585236, -0.011115524917840958, 0.03510165959596634, 0.08532403409481049, 0.03348158299922943, -0.015750745311379433, 0.08244390040636063, -0.04356205835938454, -0.028801361098885536, 0.09432445466518402, 0.1375264972448349, 0.030061420053243637, 0.03942186385393143, -0.022231049835681915, -0.014040663838386536, -0.09576452523469925, -0.13968659937381744, -0.05256248265504837, -0.02682126685976982, 0.060122840106487274, -0.07956375926733017, 0.06516308337450027, 0.11592547595500946, 0.025921225547790527, -0.07632360607385635, 0.11520544439554214, 0.15912751853466034, 0.09216435253620148, -0.04014189913868904, -0.057242706418037415, -0.028801361098885536, 0.08316393196582794, 0.04212199151515961, -0.0009112930856645107, 0.05076240003108978, 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  },
  {
    "id": "3",
"_text": "木々の葉が色づき、黄金や赤に染まる景色が広がる。涼やかな風が吹き、収穫の恵みを感じる季節。夕暮れが美しく、静けさの中に少しの物寂しさが漂う。",
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  },
  {
    "id": "4",
"_text": "冷たい空気が肌を刺し、木々が静かに眠る時期。雪が積もると世界は白一色になり、しんとした静寂が広がる。温かな食べ物や囲炉裏の火が恋しくなる季節。",

    "vector_season": [-0.027227845042943954, 0.05180853605270386, 0.0673132836818695, -0.041030850261449814, -0.0038052804302424192, -0.063153475522995, 0.003190763061866164, -0.03422388806939125, -0.04745964705944061, 0.023446200415492058, -0.0620189793407917, 0.044245246797800064, 0.036303792148828506, -0.027416927739977837, 0.039329107850790024, 0.04405616596341133, -0.012101264670491219, -0.1111803650856018, 0.09075947850942612, 0.011864911764860153, 0.08395252376794815, 0.01947547309100628, -0.0060979025438427925, 0.022122623398900032, -0.020515425130724907, -0.023446200415492058, -0.031198572367429733, -0.05294303223490715, 0.006806961260735989, -0.07828005403280258, 0.011344934813678265, 0.08395252376794815, 0.03724920377135277, -0.03573654592037201, 0.0673132836818695, 0.15277846157550812, 0.10361707210540771, 0.025526104494929314, -0.0024580692406743765, -0.0824398621916771, 0.0865996703505516, 0.025715187191963196, -0.0030489512719213963, 0.09000315517187119, 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  }
]

次に json ファイルを solr のインデックスに追加します。

curl 'http://localhost:8983/solr/seasons/update?commit=true&indent=true' --data-binary @index.json -H 'Content-Type: text/json'
{
  "responseHeader":{
    "status":0,
    "QTime":561}}

Solr 検索

最後に Solr でのベクトル検索を試していきます。

Solr Admin にアクセスします。

http://localhost:8983/solr/#/seasons/query

下記の通り、フォームに値を入力します。
先ほど実行したプログラムの出力結果の春の埋め込みをクエリに指定しています。
topK の値は上位何件の取得するかを指定しています。
ソート順はスコアが高い順(類似度が高い順)で並び替えされています。


Request-Handler (qt) : /select

q: {!knn f=vector_season topK=4}[-0.05140504986047745, 0.03860624134540558, 0.0650431215763092, 0.17708514630794525, -0.08854257315397263, 0.04469091817736626, -0.02832522988319397, -0.15190716087818146, -0.008864748291671276, 0.032941196113824844, -0.015736239030957222, -0.0036455621011555195, 0.030003763735294342, -0.04615963622927666, 0.07931064814329147, -0.03126266226172447, 0.027695780619978905, 0.0050355964340269566, 0.03608844056725502, 0.09064073860645294, -0.010438372381031513, 0.11246165633201599, 0.006268268451094627, -0.04615963622927666, -0.01730986312031746, 0.039445508271455765, -0.03524917736649513, 0.054971929639577866, 0.01804422028362751, -0.12840771675109863, 0.07385541498661041, 0.008340206928551197, 0.048047985881567, -0.017204955220222473, -0.016470598056912422, 0.08686403930187225, 0.06168605759739876, 0.02832522988319397, 0.03587862476706505, -0.0024784577544778585, -0.019722754135727882, -0.04469091817736626, -0.008182844147086143, -0.08686403930187225, 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sort: score desc

fl: _text,score